Being a doctor has severaldisadvantages that makes it a questionable Research Paper

Being a doctor has severaldisadvantages that makes it a questionable career choice - Research Paper Example small percentage (0.5%) can perform hemodialysis with special equipment at home and this is risky due to the increased possibility of infection and the requirement of having a very motivated patient. ESRD facilities are reimbursed mostly by Medicare part A (after the first 30 days). In fact, the vast majority of over 90% of dialysis patients covers this way. The patient’s physician is reimbursed through Medicare part B. Reimbursement coding at the facility is done using the International Classification of the Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), while the physicians submits for reimbursement using the Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System (HCPCS). Data collected by the facility and physician play a critical role in the patients ongoing treatment plan. These environments are a uniquely challenging setting too many due to the very nature of the population needing services. Another challenge our health care doctors face is the deficit of nurses who assist them in treatment of patients. Part of this shortage is due to the lack of infrastructure. In the academic year of 2010-2011, 67,563 qualified students were not admitted into nursing schools due to the lack of faculty, training facilities and other budget constraints and this is a clear indication that unless there is improvement in the infrastructure, such as state and national funding, that there could be a collapse in the nursing educational system (Dunham, 2009). An increase in population has also caused the need for more doctors. The number of nurses is not growing at the same rate as that of the population. The lack of younger students moving into the field of nursing is also a primary concern. The current age of a Registered Nurse is between 43 and 45 years of age. In the next ten to fifteen years, these nurses will reach retirement age, which will only add to the current shortage (Williams & Torrens, 2010). Higher spending costs. The development of new treatments for previously

Impact of emerging technology to organizations

Impact of emerging technology to organizations PART (A) Discuss the importance and the impact of the emerging technology to an organization You may wonder what the emerging technology is. Emerging technology is an innovative technology that is currently undergoing a large scale testing.   Over time, new topics and method are developed and opened up. Some arise due to theoretical research; others can be due to development and commercial research or new tools and discoveries. These new technologies will be developed over the next five year or even needs a longer like about ten years. If the technology is successful, it will be launch in the demonstrations field. These technologies include information technology, bio-technologies, wireless data communication, man-machine communication, and on-demand printing and also advanced robotics. Because of technologies, business has been able to advance in such ways that allow communication across to travel around the globe without leaving their respective offices and homes. They can send and receive information instantaneously. Consider how emerging technology has impacted in organization in the follow way like web conferencing. As we all know that technology advances at rapid paces each day or maybe every hour. Organization finds that web conferencing is an effective, cost-effective way to handle oversea business. They can hold group meeting, doing a real time training jus by via internet. It helps the organization to save a great amount of money in traveling cost while increasing productivity. Fiber To The Home is also known as FTTH is Fiber Optic cable is being installed from the telephone exchange to the Home. It is used to deliver communications such as telephone, broadband and digital TV. Fiber Optic Cable can be installed to replace the existing copper wire which was normally used to transfer data from the telephone exchange to the home or office. The advantages of the Fiber Optic Cable is, it is able to offer much faster speeds than copper wire and also much more bandwidth than the copper wires are able to cope with. Which is why Fiber Broadband will be the next generation broadband in the future. A report shows that in the UK, the copper wires that is currently installed are only able to offer broadband speeds up to a maximum of 24mb with ADSL2+ technology, the ADSl2+ technology is currently being installed by companies such as BE Broadband. But Fiber Optic allows broadband speeds to be around 100mb. PART (B) Research on the Open Source technology from the internet as well as other sources like journals and periodicals. What is Open Source, basically open source refers to a program or any program whose source code is made available to the general public for use or modification as users or other developers see fit. Open source code is usually created as a public collaborative effort and made freely available. Programmers improve upon the code and share the changes they made within the community. Open source is a development method which allows the software harnesses the power of distributed peer review. Open source is convenient to use as it is a open community that has self help service. The open community assists in skill transfer and it also allows the users to learn at their own pace. Open source need not to be free-of-charge. Vice-versa, free software need not be open source. Although there is large misunderstanding that when it comes to open source, most people refer it as a free ware. Let us see what are the advantages and disadvantages on open source. First, let us talk about what are the advantages in open source. Open source software is mostly high quality software and when u opens the software, the source code is available. It is also well designed and can also be efficiently used in coding. Thus it makes an ideal choice for organizations. Linux and open source solution are easily compressed and portable; it takes less hardware power to function on the same tasks when compared to hardware power on servers. This less hardware power advantage, you can get the desired results even you use cheaper and older hardware. Open source software gives you more freedom unlike those expensive license software as open source has no vendor lock-in. You also no longer need to worry about licenses as open source allows you to install several times and use at any location. With this you can minimize your expenses; you will save on maintenance fees and licensing fees. Most of the organizations that create open source software also provide support and maintenance. Now we talk about the disadvantages of open source. Open source is not highly secure thus anyone knows the code, will be able to hack. Some of the open source software is not reliable, because there is little money put into the development. Anyone can view, edit and redistribute and often no qualified support available. The only support will be from other users or via forums; this makes your open source software to be outdated very quickly. Some of the open sources are not compatible with windows and many other applications. There is a misconception that a lot people thinks that you can save money by switching over to open source. It is because more than 99% of laptops and PC come with window OS preinstalled. The most famous open source licenses are the BSD license, GNU General Public License (GPL), GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL), and Mozilla Public License (MPL).Using open source software can offers various advantages like the ability to reduce costs and development time. And also to avoid being dependent on a single vendor. Therefore I believed that more and more companies and institutions will start using open source software but there risks on using open source too. After listing out all the advantages and disadvantages of the Open Source. Some of the open sources are useful for organization to use while other is for home user. I believed it is more up to the users to decide whether they want to use the open source and they are going to use it for what purpose. Reference http://www.brownfieldstsc.org/glossary.cfm?lett=E http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/emerging-technologies.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies#Debate_over_emerging_technologies http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/technology/impact_on_business_and_society_of_emerging_technology_024012.html http://www.broadbandwatchdog.co.uk/ftth.php http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/open_source.html http://www.outsource2india.com/software/articles/open-source-software.asp http://ask.reference.com/information/Computers/Disadvantages-of-Open-Source-Software

The Failure and Rebirth of Burmese Nationalism Essay -- International

All people in the world strive to find a sense of belonging. This sense is coupled with ethnic identities, cultural customs, and social implications. The groups that inhabit the corner of the world, now known as Myanmar, have had great struggles and upheavals through the last century. They have been stricken with World War, independence struggles, as well as military dictatorship. The Burmese groups have tried with diligence to establish their own states, but in the end all has fallen upon them and their tale is one of grief and sadness. The failure of Burmese nationalist movement is through the conflicting interests of the world, the clashes between Burmese ideology, and the differences of ethnic acceptance. However badly the movement failed, a new movement has taken form and is a blossoming root of hope for the millions of Burmese living in poverty today. The area in Southeast Asia that contains Burma today has been a place of human life for millennium. Leaders came and went, and the usual cycle of empires, kings, and regimes passed over the people of Burma. The scene of nationalistic fervor, however, starts after the takeover of Burma by the British through the entirety of the nineteenth century (Badertscher). Like always, â€Å"the British began to permeate the ancient Burmese culture with foreign elements†, thus starting the colonial period of Burma’s history and of struggles to resist such control (â€Å"Burma†). Using a divide and conquer strategy, British command authorized minorities like the Karen group of Burmese to be â€Å"in the military and in local rural administrations† (â€Å"Burma†). This way they built resentment that is still apparent in many cases today. The nationalist movements present globally in the nineteenth and twent... ...artin, Patricia. "Aung San Suu Kyi." Aung San Suu Kyi (2011): 1. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. "Nothing New But the Name." The Economist 20 Oct. 1990. Student Research Center. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. . Pittman, Todd, and Aye Aye Win. "Myanmar Elections: Aung San Suu Kyi, Opposition Leader, Wins Parliament Seat." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 01 Apr. 2012. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. . Steinberg, David I. Burma, the State of Myanmar. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 2001. Print. "The History of Burma." Canadian Friends of Burma. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. .

Analysis of Mozart’s K. 515 Mvt. 1

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Quintet No. 3 in C major, K. 515 Andrew McGuire Dr. Burkart MUSHIS 200 11/19/2012 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prodigy of his time, and arguable the greatest of all time. This paper will discuss an analysis of his third string quintet in C major, K. 515. Through this piece in Sonata Form we will dissect the exposition, the development, the recapitulation, and the coda; along with an analysis of the quintet we will briefly discuss parts of Mozart’s life, as well as look at the background of the Viola Quintet No. 3 in C Major, K. 515.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born into a musical family after his sister Nannerl, by his father and mother Leopold and Anna Maria. His beginnings would originate in Salzburg, Austria (Eisen). As much is known about the education of little Wolfie we see that his father Leopold is responsible (Jeffery). We also discover that it was not just his musical education that concerned his father but other areas as well, such as arithme tic, reading, writing, and literature (Eisen). Much is not know about the mother of Mozart. She was born into a middle class non-musical family.His father, on the other hand was an accomplished musician and teacher born into life as a choirboy. The nearest compositions to Wolfie’s K. 515 are a second string quintet K. 516 and one of his better known Operas Don Giovanni. Taking a short break from Don Giovanni Mozart would set off to write a pair off string quintets. K. 515 and K. 516. Written the age of 31, the better-known two of the pieces is the g minor quintet (K. 516), and the C major quintet (K. 515) is regarded as the finer of the two. Almost a month would separate the composing of the sister quintets both written for double viola.During the time of the second quartet would be the passing of his father, and some say that there may be a relation between the key of the g minor and the passing (Christiansen). This dual viola is different for the time, even given that Mozar t preferred viola, was seen as odd. The number of his six viola quintets is seen as rare in comparison to the 66 cello quintets written by Boccherini. Even though these quintets maybe rare in amount, many consider them the finest of the string quintet repertoire (Christiansen). The finer of our finest quintets begins in C major. The longest part of the first movement is undoubtedly the exposition.In the first of the one hundred and thirty-one measures of the exposition we see our first theme (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Ninety-four measures later we see our second theme (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Throughout the piece we will see our two themes return continuously in multiple keys. Anytime we see theme one return we see the two lines played between only the first violin and the cello. We see similar segregation for theme two with the first and second violins. The one time we see the violas given a theme to play is in the coda, and will be discussed later, this theme we will see is theme tw o in C major.Listening further we discover that our development turns out to be the shortest part of the piece (Absil). Theme one reappears again in the beginning of the development section, only this time we see the theme appearing in the dominant of the piece (see Figure 3). Figure 3 As the development progresses we also see theme two return as well in its original key, the harmonies we see differently, only briefly because it will be what leads us into the recapitulation (see Figure 4). Figure 4 At the end of our very brief development we arrive at our recapitulation.In the recapitulation we see the return of both of our themes in the tonic key. Throughout the recapitulation we see our theme variations return as well in the tonic key. What is found most notable about the recapitulation is the way it ends. One might assume that it would end on the tonic or dominant, because of its movement to the coda, however we find the end of the recapitulation as a vii °65/V (see Figure 5). Figure 5 We can argue the beginning of the Coda here because of the bar of rest. This theory separates the two sections allowing us to make a clear observation where one ends and the other begins.As with codas we find our final theme in the piece the part proceeding the measure of rest (see Figure 5). Delving deeper into the coda we find theme two reoccurring in the tonic key, this time not segregated by instrument parts. For the first time in the movement we see the two viola parts obviously playing what is the theme (see Figure 6), right before we see the second viola briefly mingle with the cello. Figure [ 6 ] After the brief return of theme two between the cello and violas we end happily on the tonic of the piece. Overall I thoroughly enjoyed this piece.Not only this piece but also this assignment. It is one thing to sit in class and read about and take notes over sonata-allegro form. It is completely another to be expected to dive deeper into a piece and try to figure out its i nner most workings. As a violist I also appreciate the fact that Mozart went against the normality of the cello quintet and wrote a viola quintet. The fact he was willing to go against what was expected of him by society makes me respect him as a composer even more. After a glimpse into the life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, we have discussed his Quintet No. 3 in C major.Discussed its themes and their placement, as well as briefly the variations of these themes. We also saw a brief glimpse into history around the time that the K. 515 and what could be considered its sister K. 516 were written. Works Cited Absil, Frans. â€Å"Musical Analysis: Visiting the Great Composers. † (2005): 8. Absil, the Netherlands. Sept. 2012. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. . Christiansen, Kai. â€Å"String Quintet (viola) No. 3 in C Major, K. 515. † Mozart. Music at Kohl Mansion, 2012. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. . Cliff Eisen, et al. â€Å"Mozart. † Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 18 Oct. 2 012. http://www. oxfordmusiconline. com/suscriber/article/grove/music/40258pg3. Gallagher, Sean and Thomas Forrest Kelly. The Century of Bach and Mozart: Perspectives on Histoiography, Composition, Theory, and Performance. Cambridge, Massachusettes: Harvard University Press, 2008. Print. Jeffery, G. â€Å"Mozart, Maria Anna â€Å"Nannerl†Ã¢â‚¬  Mozart, Maria Anna â€Å"Nannerl† N. p. , 1998. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. . Kerst, Friedrich.Mozart: the Man and the Artist Revealed in His Own Words. New York: L. Dover Publications, 1965. Print Mirka, Danut. Metric Manipulations in Haydn and Mozart: Chamber Music for Strings, 1787-1791. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print Mozart, W. A. String Quintet No. 3 in C major, K. 515 (I). Alban Berg Quartet. EMI Classics. CD. Mozart, W. A. String Quintet No. 3 in C major, K. 515 (I). Fine Arts Quartet. Musical Concepts. CD Mozart, W. A. Quintet in C Major, K. 515 (I). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Werk, Serie 14: Quartette fuer streichinstrumente. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Haertel, 1877-1910. 1-12. Score.

Effectiveness of Double Entry Accounting System Essay

Giving examples, evaluate the effectiveness of the controls in the double entry system of accounting in ensuring the accuracy of the accounts. As well as examining the controls, your evaluation should consider errors that do not affect the balancing of the trial balance. Double entry accounting system was invented in 15th century and still being in use until today, this is quite an interesting fact; however it indicates that there is something about the system, thus making it so effective and irreplaceable. To evaluate the effectiveness of the controls in the double entry system, we should first question ourselves why is double entry book keeping system is still being used until today. Double entry book keeping is very useful because it can help spotting a lot of errors that accountants make every day. The fact of the matter is, that every transaction is being entered twice, which can eliminate some of the errors, that otherwise could have been missed out. For example, an accountant has debited ? 1409 P. Vasiljev’s account instead of ? 490, however because he had to credit the bank account as well, he looked at the transaction again, and spotted the error. Furthermore this system helps us to find errors using trial balance. As the trial balance will eventually be produced, it will identify whether or not, total of debit will equal to credit, if not, it indicates that errors has been made. Despite the fact, there are errors that double entry accounting will be unable to reveal, which will be shown below. (http://www. canhamrogers. com, 2011) Complete Reversal of Entries A payment of ? 16 to V. Putin, a supplier, was debited in the cash book and credited to V. Putin’s account. Compensating Error The bank account is under cast by ? 3000. The salaries account is also under casts by the same amount. Error of Omission The sale of products, ? 100 (plus VAT) to G. Bush, has been completely omitted from the books. Error of Commission A purchase of stock, ? 305 from D. Johnson was miss entered in J. Cena’s account. Error of Principle The purchase of a new office table, ? 150, is debited by mistake to the purchases account instead of equipment account. Error of Original Entry Rent of ? 96 paid by cash was entered in the both accounts as ? 69. Control Accounts A control account is a summary account in the general ledger. The details that support the balance in the summary account are contained in a subsidiary ledger – a ledger outside of the general ledger. The purpose of the control account is to keep the general ledger free of details, yet have the correct balance for the financial statements. For example, the Accounts Receivable account in the general ledger could be a control account. If it were a control account, the company would merely update the account with a few amounts, such as total collections for the day, total sales on account for the day, total returns and allowances for the day, etc. The details on each customer and each transaction would not be recorded in the Accounts Receivable control account in the general ledger. Rather, these details of the accounts receivable activity will be in the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger. This works well because the employees working with the general ledger probably do not need to see the details for every sale or every collection transaction. However, the sales manager and the credit manager will need to know detailed information on individual customers, including whether a customer recently reduced their account balance. The company can provide these individuals with access to the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger and can keep the general ledger free of a tremendous amount of detail. (accountingcoach. com, 2011) Explain the importance of accurate accounting records in meeting the needs of the business and its stakeholders. Accounting is a very important tool in order to keep track of quantifiable factors of the business. The accounts are often used to demonstrate the flow of the money within the organisation. They are also made to organise financial information of the business in order for it to be analysed to see how well the business is doing, how much it is worth, and how much profit it is making. Accounting is making it easier to then demonstrate the outcomes and results of the business. With that being said, it is very clear that it is crucial for the accounts to be accurate. For the business it is important for the various reasons. First of all the business wants to see how well it is doing every year, that includes it’s gross and net profit, the worth of its assets and liabilities, etc. The accuracy of this information is vital, as the organisation’s leadership can then analyse this information and make decisions according to the outcomes. Second of all if the accounts are being produced inaccurate or incorrect, the organisation will most likely make wrong decisions, which may lead it to the loss of money or even bankruptcy. Secondly accurate accounts will help the day-to-day operations of the business. However stakeholders are also interested in the accuracy of the accounts for the various reasons presented below: Employees Employees of the business rely on accounts to receive the wages and salaries they have earned, this means that if accounts of the organisation are made inaccurately it may lead to employees receiving wrong amount of money, which is dreadful for various reasons. If the wages are overpaid, it means that the organisation has lost funds it shouldn’t have, whereas if they are underpaid it may lead to serious circumstances such as legal claims. Investors Investors that plan to invest funds into the organisation would look into accounts of the business in order to find whether it is profitable to put their money into the company. The accounts of the organisation will often be analysed, this means that the decision they make, will be dependent on the accounts, which is why it is vital for them, that the accounts are accurate. Board o Directors Board of directors, or the owner of the business, is analysing the accounts on the regular basis, whether it is monthly or annually. The decisions that the organisation is making regarding strategy, approach, etc. are dependent on the accounts. This is why it is critical that the accounts made are accurate, as if they aren’t wrong decision could be made, which may lead the company to huge financial losses. Government As all the businesses accounts must be submitted to the government, usually annually, it means that government would need accounts to be accurate. This is due to the fact that government would need to overlook the accounts in order to see whether all the taxes are being paid, and that everything remains under the law. Suppliers After producing â€Å"T accounts† and making few errors myself, it is now clearly seen that suppliers want accurate accounts in order to receive right amounts of money, once they’ve sold goods on credit to the company. If some of the entries within â€Å"T accounts† are entered inaccurately, the payment may be made to different supplier. Adding to that the business may underpay the supplier, which is not acceptable by any means.

AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Example

AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Example AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Within the first pages of this chapter. we are introduced with the subject of the fundamental law and actions of Gregory Lee Johnson. The instance of Gregory Lee Johnson is about that of him firing an American flag and protesting that when the authorities became involved. it was against his freedom of address. This is where the fundamental law of the United States comes into drama and supersedes the ordinary jurisprudence. The inquiry though. what precisely is a fundamental law? A fundamental law is a nation’s basic Torahs. Basically it creates political establishments. provides rights for citizens and holds power within the authorities. The fundamental law besides holds the unwritten traditions and case in points that have been established. Most people do non ever hold with how the fundamental law is written and don’t ever agree with how the authorities is ran. but this fundamental law is the footing of how all things are ran. Following is the Declaration of Independence. Between 1775 and 1776 there was a enormous sum of discontent with the English and the Continental Congress was in session for that uninterrupted twelvemonth. When all the work forces were coming up with thoughts and a footing for the Declaration of Independence. most thoughts and propositions were adopted from John Locke who argued that worlds have all natural rights and are non dependent upon the authorities. Later this Declaration was written chiefly by Thomas Jefferson and adopted on July 4th. 1776. Basically this was written to denote and warrant the revolution that was go oning. Last. all the settlers needed foreign aid to conquest the most powerful state in the universe. Traveling back to to the full understand Locke and his thoughts. we take a expression at the thought that Locke was one of the most influential philosophers of this clip. John Locke built most of his doctrine on the thought of natural rights. Natural rights are rights built-in of people and who are non dependent on the authorities. Besides. John argued that the authorities should be built upon the consent of the governed. intending that people agree on who their swayersare. He besides argued that our state should hold a limited authorities so that there are limitations on what a swayer can make. As Locke was coming up with his doctrine. he came up with a superb thought that authoritiess should hold standing Torahs in which people know if an act is acceptable or non before making it. Now we come to the point of the authorities the failed. Congress was needed to do a program for the lasting brotherhood of the provinces and the first program to the fundamental law was the Articles of Confederation. The Articles merely ab initio established a legislative assembly with one house which was a large job at the clip and would be a large job today. There was no president at the clip. no national tribunal and the powers were highly limited for the national legislative assembly. After the provinces ratified this Article. jobs were still continuing. This included that Congress was merely able to keep an ground forces and naval forces. no more. All in all. Congress had no power. The lone advantage to the Articles of alliance was that when the new Constitution was written. the authors knew the things to avoid. Next was the issue of economic convulsion and the Shays rebellion. After the war. many husbandmans were left with a debt that could non be paid and were threatened that their farms would be lost. So in order to seek and pay this. many printed paper money which was worthless and tried to pay the outstanding debt back. Now the husbandmans felt a suspiration of alleviation when the Shays rebellion took topographic point. This was a series of onslaughts on courthouses to forestall the Judgess from holding husbandmans and their households foreclose on the farms. Now we officially decided to do a fundamental law at the Philadelphia convention. Fifty five delegates were chosen to compose what became the U. S. Constitution. Most these people were affluent plantation owners or successful merchandisers and attorneies. Most issue differed in the facet of arguments on big-issues to the opportunism of really little issues. Most work forces in fact did non portion the same political facet and some issues arose from this. In fact. all these work forces had a really misanthropic position point of human nature and believed that work forces love power. As the words of this papers were written. cabals arose up. Cabals are parties or involvement groups. Most of the delegates believed that if a authorities is ran by cabals. the authorities would be prone to instability. dictatorship and that of force. So. within the Declaration of Independence. there are three issues that arise. First was the issue of equality. This issue was fundamentally that of provinces coming up with different programs and trusting it would work. The New Jersey Plan. the Virginia Plan and the Connecticut Compromise were all different in facets of what should be done. Another issue was that of the economic system. The authors of the Constitution committed to a strong national authorities and agreed that the economic system was in complete catastrophe and confusion. The job was that paper money was worthless in some provinces and Congress was holding issues raising money due to the fact the economic system was in a recession. And in conclusion were the rights of an person. The Laminitiss agreed that it was of import to safeguard individuality and maintain menaces off from personal freedom. The Fundamental law offers protections. including that of continuing the right to a test by jury and that of non looking at a person’s faith to keep back them from a governmental place. Now we take a expression at the confirmation of the Constitution. In order for this Fundamental law to be processed. it needed to be ratified by nine of the 13 provinces. But there were jobs that occurred for this to be ratified because there were Federalists and anti-federalist. Federalists supported the Constitution and anti-federalists did non. This is where the large issue arose. Some of the differences these groups faced were one being that anti-federalists preferred a strong authorities while the Federalists preferred a weak 1. Another job was that the anti-federalists wanted a direct election of governmental functionaries and the Federalists did non. Last was the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was the first 10 amendments to the Constitution in response to the concerns of the anti-federalists. The amendments really give us the basic autonomies. that of freedom of address or faith. Yet the route to the Constitution and the confirmation of it was non easy. the work of these work forces made it possible and fought to do it work. Without the work of these work forces. We would non be where we are today and life as we know it would be wholly different.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs Differences

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs Differences Introduction Research design is the process through which the research questions are turned into a testing project. The suitability or the effectiveness of a research design depends on the research questions. As a blue print for the study, a research design is concerned with the following issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs’ Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, it identifies the questions to be studied by the researcher. Second, it helps the researcher to identify the relevant data that needs to be collected. Finally, it is concerned with how data should be analyzed in order to achieve the desired results. Research design can be qualitative or quantitative. A quantitative study involves systematic and empirical investigation of social phenomena with the aid of statistical techniques. Qualitative study on the other hand is â€Å"a method of inquiry that facilitates an in-depth understanding of human behavior, and the factors that influence such behavior†. This paper focuses on the differences between qualitative and quantitative research designs. Characteristics of a Qualitative Study Design Strategies A qualitative study uses naturalistic inquiry. This means that real-world situations are studied as they occur without manipulating or controlling them. A qualitative study is based on emergent design flexibility. Thus, it allows the research to adapt to changes in situations, and enables the researcher to adopt new techniques as they emerge. The study also uses purposeful sampling to recruit participants. Selection of the sources of information or the participants is based on the ability of such participants to provide useful information on the subject under study. Data Collection In qualitative studies, qualitative data is collected through observations that give details about the research topic. Other method s of collecting data include interviews, case studies and document review. Personal experiences and insights of the researcher are an integral aspect of the inquiry. They help in understanding the phenomenon under study. Empathic neutrality, as well as, mindfulness must be maintained during data collection to avoid bias. Change in the phenomenon under study is assumed to be on-going. Thus, attention must be given to system and situation dynamics during data collection.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis Strategies The analysis process is based on unique case orientation. Thus, the first step in analysis is â€Å"being true to, respecting, and capturing details†, of each case being studied. The study uses inductive analysis, as well as, creative synthesis to analyze data. The analysis starts by exploration, and then confirmation is made based on analytic al principles instead of rules. A creative synthesis ends the analysis process. A holistic perspective must be developed by understanding the phenomenon as a complex system that is greater than its constituent parts. The analyst focuses on the complex interdependencies, as well as, system dynamics that can not be conceptualized as separate, and linear cause-effect relationships. The analyst aims at being in control of, and reflective about his voice and perspective. A reliable voice expresses authenticity and trustworthiness. This enables the researcher to understand and depict the world authentically â€Å"in all its complexity while being self-analytic and reflexive in consciousness†. Characteristics of Quantitative Study Design Strategies A quantitative study aims at classifying facts, counting facts, and developing statistical or mathematical models in order to explain the phenomenon under study. The researcher normally has a clear understanding of what he is interested i n prior to the study. Consequently, the various aspects of the study are properly designed prior to data collection. However, designing all aspects of the study in advance limits the researcher’s ability to adopt emergent techniques during the study. Besides, it makes it difficult to adapt the study to systems or situation dynamics. Measurement is an integral aspect of quantitative study. Data Collection Quantitative studies use quantitative data in order to facilitate mathematical analysis. Quantitative data are usually in numerical or statistical form. Thus, the first step in data collection is to ensure that the variables considered in the study are measurable. A measurement instrument has to be developed to help the researcher to collect quantitative data. In experimental quantitative studies, the researcher has to control, and manipulate the variables in order to obtain the desired information. The methods used to collect data include surveys and interviews. In most quan titative studies, only part of the population (sample) is selected to provide information. However, the sample must be representative of the population in order to improve the credibility of any generalizations made on the population. Consequently, random sampling is used to ensure representativeness. Analysis Strategies In quantitative studies, analysis involves modeling the data by mathematically expressing the relationships between variables. The collected data is then analyzed using statistical techniques in order to provide insights on the phenomenon under study. The results of the statistical analysis are used to test the research’s hypothesis. Quantitative studies can be purely analytical or predictive. However, both cases focus on determining cause and effect relationships.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs’ Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re In analytical studies, the analyst concentrates in analyzing how various factors (variables) contribute to the situation. In predictive studies, the analyst establishes how the variables influence the phenomenon under study in different situations or circumstances. In this case, the analyst aims at using the results for generalization. The researcher tends to be objective throughout the analysis process in order to avoid bias. Discussion and Comparison of the Differences Both qualitative and quantitative research designs aim at establishing cause and effect relationships. However, the approaches adopted by the two designs are fundamentally different. The two research designs can, thus, be compared as follows. First, the primary aim of a qualitative study is to provide a detailed and sufficient description of the study topic. Quantitative studies on the other hand concentrates on counting and classifying variables, and use statistical models to explain observations. Second , qualitative studies are suitable for initial stages of a research project while quantitative studies are suitable for the later stages. In this regard, quantitative research gives a clearer picture of the entire study compared to qualitative research. Third, the researcher acts as the main instrument for collecting data in qualitative research. The researcher uses methods such as individual in-depth interviews, documentary analysis and focus group discussions. In quantitative studies, tools such as surveys are the main instruments of data collection. Fourth, the data used in qualitative studies are presented in the form of words, images and artifacts. On the other hand, the data used in quantitative studies are presented in terms of statistics and numbers. Finally, qualitative studies tend to be subjective in approach since they aim at understanding â€Å"human behavior and reasons that govern such behavior†. Quantitative research on the other hand is objective in approach since it only focuses on precise measurements, and analysis. References Agrawal, N. (2009). Quantitative Research Methods. New Delhi: Prateeksha Publications. McBurney, D., White, T. (2009). Research Methods. New York: Cengage Brain.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weinbers, N. (2009). Qualitative Reserach Methods. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Training in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

Training in Clinical and Counseling Psychology Graduate school applicants who want a career in the field of psychology often assume that training in clinical or counseling psychology will prepare them for practice, which is a reasonable assumption, but not all doctoral programs offer similar training. There are several kinds of doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology, and each offers different training. Consider what you want to do with your degree counsel patients, work in academia or do research when you decide which program is best for you. Considerations in Selecting Graduate Programs   As you consider applying to clinical and counseling programs remember your own interests. What do you hope to do with your degree? Do you want to work with people and practice psychology? Do you want to teach and conduct research at a college or university? Do you want to conduct research in business and industry or for the government? Do you want to work in public policy, conducting and applying research to address social problems? Not all doctoral psychology programs will train you for all of these careers. There are three types of doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology and ​two different academic degrees. Scientist Model The scientist model emphasizes training students for research. Students earn a  Ph.D., a doctor of philosophy,  which is a research degree. Like other science Ph.Ds., clinical and counseling psychologists trained in scientist programs focus on conducting research. They learn how to ask and answer questions through conducting carefully designed research. Graduates of this model get jobs as researchers and college professors. Students in scientist programs are not trained in practice and, unless they seek additional training after graduation, they are not eligible to practice psychology as therapists. Scientist-Practitioner Model The scientist-practitioner model is also known as the Boulder Model, after the 1949 Boulder Conference on Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology in which it was first created. Scientist-practitioner programs train students in both science and practice. Students earn Ph.D.s and learn how to design and conduct research, but they also learn how to apply research findings and practice as psychologists. Graduates have careers in academia and practice. Some work as researchers and professors. Others work in practice settings, such as hospitals, mental health facilities, and private practice. Some do both. Practitioner-Scholar Model The practitioner-scholar model is also referred to as the Vail model, after the 1973 Vail Conference on Professional Training in Psychology, when it was first articulated. The practitioner-scholar model is a professional doctoral degree that trains students for clinical practice. Most students earn Psy.D. (doctor of psychology) degrees. Students learn how to understand and apply scholarly findings to practice. They are trained to be consumers of research. Graduates work in practice settings in hospitals, mental health facilities, and private practice.

Course Spanning Capstone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course Spanning Capstone - Assignment Example Thirdly, business networking would see the company targeting at least 25 percent of the market share. Furthermore, branding the company would turn the fortunes. Fourthly, through a strong recruiting process, the company aims at tapping experience marketing professional to add to the talent-pool for a steady growth of the company. Finally, the company aims at quality sales through defining the target market. To achieve these objectives, the company would draft a strategic plan. Understanding the market and potential opportunities would be analyzed using the SWOT analysis—S (strength), W (weakness), O (opportunities), T (threats). Besides, the goal-setting theory is invaluable. It defines outcomes of a project through goals, effort, persistence and cognition. Additionally, the company would invest in human resource strategy through having the right people in place, the right conglomeration of skills, right attitude and behavior by the employees and developing employees in the most productive way. Nonetheless, capital is an important factor in the success of any business. As Walker and Brown (2004) observe, through proper financial planning, financial lifestyle can be used to assess success of a

Sleepy Inn Motel Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sleepy Inn Motel - Case Study Example Even though it is near a quickly expanding resort region, this represents long-term growth and Huang needs to change his revenue stream much more quickly. Huang faces competition from Hilton Inn, Ramada Inn, and Best Western as well as many other lower-priced hotels similar to his own. His larger competition represents very well-known brands with a great deal of brand recognition and brand loyalty by a variety of mixed demographics. Further, since the only promotional material for this region are two billboards operated by the Tourist Bureau, Huang simply cannot rely on the marketing competency of this agency to fill his capacity rates. Huang maintains a low-cost pricing policy that he had established in the hopes that it would bring enough attention to make travelers choose Sleepy Inn Motel over other well-established branded competition. However, the problem here is that 68 percent of visitors to the region are younger couples and older couples with no children, two demographic gro ups that typically have much more access to higher financial resources. This is likely the reason why Huang witnesses visitors turn into his parking lot, but never enter the building. Once a hotel has established brand recognition and brand loyalty, it is difficult for a smaller, virtually unknown name to compete effectively without very intensive integrated marketing campaigns that must be managed and updated constantly. Further, the study conducted of local tourist needs identified that 78 percent believed it important to have recreational facilities before choosing to make a purchase. This is a substantial volume of customers and it is likely that Huang’s lack of a swimming pool is the reason why individuals turn in, but then leave in favor of the larger hotel brands. The costs of adding a swimming pool and other recreational facilities, such as a gym or child’s area, would be a budgetary problem for Huang who is currently experiencing lower-than-average occupancy r atios. Days Inn does not require extensive financial investment and this is a very well-known brand with many different loyal demographics, including military, school teams, business travelers, and senior citizens. Days Inn already has their own well-established marketing campaigns that include on-air promotions such as the described promotion with Blue Bonnet margarine and also a senior citizen discount card to invite incentive purchases. Since Days Inn also has a dedicated customer reservation line, a travel magazine, and a website, this represents the best long-term option for Huang under a franchising agreement. Days Inn might also allow Huang to establish his own unique in-house marketing literature if this were required which could be determined at the time of contract negotiation. The amount of money demanded under the franchising agreement, by Days Inn, is only eight percent of total room revenues. To support choosing Days Inn rather than operating his own brand, a brief rev enue analysis is required. At $45 per night, with only 55 percent of occupancy, this represents $10,395 weekly in gross revenues. By moving under the Days Inn brand, at $70 per night and 68 percent of occupancy, Huang will earn $20,090 in gross revenues weekly or $80,360 monthly. This is almost double what Huang is

The Pixar Marketing Comparative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Pixar Marketing Comparative Analysis - Essay Example It has been observed that the benchmarking policy will be more effective if comparative cases are used. Our team members are technologically sound and they are having an expertise in developing marketing plans. In the current study, Pixar has been selected to gain insight on the new product development (Annacchino, 2007). The organization is specialized in developing â€Å"animated shorts, feature films, animated logos for clients like IBM and Paramount and commercials for clients like Listerine and LifeSavers† (Kahn et al., 2013). â€Å"The Walt Disney Company† acquired Pixar and operated it as their subsidiary. The case study will help the team in emphasizing on various factors of teamwork. Pixar is having three corresponding groups working simultaneously. Three main strategies are used by the employee groups like technical development, creative development, and production.The firm is using high association strategies for the employees. Management of the firm is colle cting insights and suggestions from the employees. Pixar also emphasizes on the developing high collaboration between the employees and management, which helps in gaining creative ideas and increase technical efficiency among the employees. Management of Pixar adopted the approach â€Å"experiment and refine† in order to execute rapid and instant decisions. It reduces risk potentials as sharing of risk is easy. Finally, it can be said that case study will be aiding in making effective new product development strategies.

Discuss the pros and cons of private vs. public defense. Please Research Paper

Discuss the pros and cons of private vs. public defense. Please remember this is not an opinion question - Research Paper Example When charged for criminal or civil offences, people always have to choose the type of attorney to use because of the benefits they can accrue from them. This paper reports on the pros and cons of a public and private attorney. The first advantage that associated with public defenders is that they are professionals whose services are given to the public free of charge. Anyone entitled to the services of public attorney does not need to pay. Since they are paid by the county and state governments, the public do not need to spend even a single cent on them. Meaning, they are the cheapest attorneys whose services are guaranteed so long as one qualifies to be represented by them. However, this does not apply to the private defenders who are directly hired by the client who fully pays for their services in case they need to be represented in a court of law. In fact, this is a disadvantage of private defenders (Reyrauch, 2011). Unlike their counterparts, private attorneys only represent one in the court of law if they are properly paid by the same client. Meaning, if one does not have enough money, one might be forced to borrow, take a loan or forfeit the services of a private defender. The other advantage of a public defender is that their presence in a case might make the case to be presided over and finished within the shortest time possible. As public officers, public defenders often have a backlog of cases to represent. Therefore, in order to save on time, they have to liaise with the prosecutor and the bench to ensure that a case is heard and decided upon within a short time. This is the only way through which they can create room for other cases which are obviously awaiting them. Surprisingly, this does not apply to the private defenders who are keen on simultaneously handling a few cases and spending a lot of time in conducting private investigations and conducting all the other logistical. So, with

See pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

See pictures - Essay Example The blast of the operation extended outwards one thousand feet violently heaving the ground upwards fifteen feet. It created a very steep chimney that later collapsed upwards towards the surface. It melted and vaporized rocks. Pressure generated rammed the bedrock laterally creating two roughly parallel faults almost 0.9 miles apart southwest and northeast of the explosion. As the rupture took place, the earth slid downward in between settling 10 feet below the rest of the landscape of the desert. The collapsing chimney also left behind a minor subsidence crater. Besides the geographic distortions of the earth’s surface, the experiment also causes an earthquake that affected houses 87 miles away leaving the windows of White Pine High School Shuttered. The initial nuclear test conducted on Amchitka Island was a long shot. It was an atomic Bomb detonated 2300 feet underground in 1965. A second one was a hydrogen bomb exploded at a depth of 3992 feet below the surface. Its yield was approximately one megaton, 67 times the Hiroshima bomb. The blast triggered a series of small earthquakes and several massive landslides. It knocked water from rivers, ponds and lakes that were more than 50 feet in the air. The Cannikin bomb exploded with the earthquake force registering 7.0 on the richer scale. Even though the U.S government keeps insisting on guaranteeing environmental protection and safety during nuclear operations, these tests still affect the geographical orientation of the nearby areas and cause

Promotional Campaign of Pepsi Max Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Promotional Campaign of Pepsi Max - Essay Example This paper illustrates that PepsiCo seeks out new ways to create the strong brand image and gain the maximum possible market share by increasing their customer base. PepsiCo invests a large amount of capital in promotional and marketing communicational activities, to strengthen its brand equity, thereby creating a top of the mind brand recall among the customers. The company has adopted several unconventional promotional mediums to create an effective marketing communication that has allowed the company to create a strong awareness among the customers. The company has decided to step out of the traditional medium of communication and decided to try the internet as the primary communicational platform. The unbelievable campaign has highlighted the message of â€Å"no sugar, maximum taste† of the product Pepsi Max. This campaign is targeted at the customers who are quite conscious about their health and calorie intake. BBC has mentioned that the UK population is becoming increas ingly concerned about their health and rise in obesity. This concern has been addressed by the company and in response, the Pepsi has mentioned that the new product is capable of delivering the same great taste without compromising on the taste of the product. PepsiCo has broken the conventional belief that in order to reduce the sugar content, the taste has to be compromised. The central idea of this campaign is to target the young health-conscious customers and attracting their attention by employing certain innovative promotional activities. The promotional activities of a company are to create awareness among the customers and to strength its brand image so that the customers can have a top of the mind brand recall of that particular brand or product.   The primary objective of a promotional campaign or a marketing communication is to influence the purchase decision of the customers. Every brand prefers to attract customers to them and would want them to choose their products over that of the rival companies. This result makes it imperative for the firms to seek out for new ways to draw the attention of the target customers and influence them to buy a particular product.

See pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

See pictures - Essay Example The blast of the operation extended outwards one thousand feet violently heaving the ground upwards fifteen feet. It created a very steep chimney that later collapsed upwards towards the surface. It melted and vaporized rocks. Pressure generated rammed the bedrock laterally creating two roughly parallel faults almost 0.9 miles apart southwest and northeast of the explosion. As the rupture took place, the earth slid downward in between settling 10 feet below the rest of the landscape of the desert. The collapsing chimney also left behind a minor subsidence crater. Besides the geographic distortions of the earth’s surface, the experiment also causes an earthquake that affected houses 87 miles away leaving the windows of White Pine High School Shuttered. The initial nuclear test conducted on Amchitka Island was a long shot. It was an atomic Bomb detonated 2300 feet underground in 1965. A second one was a hydrogen bomb exploded at a depth of 3992 feet below the surface. Its yield was approximately one megaton, 67 times the Hiroshima bomb. The blast triggered a series of small earthquakes and several massive landslides. It knocked water from rivers, ponds and lakes that were more than 50 feet in the air. The Cannikin bomb exploded with the earthquake force registering 7.0 on the richer scale. Even though the U.S government keeps insisting on guaranteeing environmental protection and safety during nuclear operations, these tests still affect the geographical orientation of the nearby areas and cause

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Research Paper Example The painting is an exact mirror image of this city. It shows a jumbled up maze with roads and ladders. New York is considered to be one of the busiest and most expensive cities of the world located in the most advanced country/continent- North America. The Food culture of this city is a mixed culture with Italian, European as well as Chinese food. However because it is a diverse city with people from all over the world, all kinds of food is eaten over here. New York is considered to be the cultural capital of the world, the reason once again being the diversity on cultures ranging from contemporary to modern covering all regions of the world. As for its architecture, New York has the world’s most remarkable and extraordinary architecture with noteworthy buildings mostly made of stone and brick. The city has tall and huge buildings and a rich architectural history. The weather of New York is sub-tropical, and both winters and summers are quite different. Summers being sunny, humid and warm while winters being cold and moist because of rain. Moreover, New York is the center for many activities related to media such as television, music, print media, films and advertising. This amazing piece of art as described by the author as a ‘construction’ rather than just a painting shows a process of building and growing. It is classified as a painting using oil paints on a wood canvas, bright colors with a view that makes it look like separate pieces joined together to portray the process of uncanny structures used to show life in this city. The dimensions of this work are 9 5" x 11 3" x 1 Â ½ and light makes it look brighter. The period in which the painting was made is the CONTEMPORAY period, and the style of the painting is also contemporary, showing the current state of the city. The style flourished since after World War 2 and continues till today. EXPRESSIONISM is prominent in paintings of this era that originated in Germany. The art

Dynamic Communication Strategies

Dynamic Communication Strategies COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES The word communication comes from a Latin word for commonness, including the prefix com- which suggests togetherness, joining, cooperation and mutually. Therefore, communication is definable as a mutual exchange between two or more individuals which enhances cooperation and establishes commonality. Communication is also seen as dynamic, not static and depending on the negotiation of meaning between two or more persons who share some knowledge of the language being used. Communication can be understood as the passing of information in humans, animals, computers, or any other cognitive entity. In a broader sense communication can refer to almost any type of movement, be it matter, energy, force or some effect. Space and time might be the only things that cant themselves be communicated. Human communication refers to the social interaction of giving and receiving information for the purpose of not only understanding, but also facilitating social connection. (Wikipedia, 2006) Communication strategies (CS), widely-studied in the fields of linguistics and second language acquisition, have been defined in various ways, but most definitions are based on the concept of problematicity (Kasper Kellerman, 1997, p. 2) For example, according to Tarone (1977), CS are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦used by an individual to overcome the crisis which occurs when language structures are inadequate to convey the individuals thought (p. 195). Fà ¦rch and Kasper (1983) defined CS as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦potentially conscious plans for solving what to an individual presents as a problem in reaching a particular communicative goal (p. 36). This concept of problematicity leads to problem-solving strategies that a speaker uses when lacking morphological, lexical, or syntactic knowledge. Communication strategies pertain to the employment of verbal or nonverbal mechanisms for the productive communication of information. It is also seen as an adaptation to the failure to realize a language production. They serve the purpose of negotiating meaning when either the linguistic structure or sociolinguistic rules are not shared between individuals or, in more straightforward terms, when the communicative act is on the point of breaking down. AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES Avoidance is a common communication strategy that can be broken down into several subcategories. The most common strategy is syntactic or lexical avoidance within a semantic category. Below is one of the examples of avoidance made by a learner. For example: L: I lost my road NS : You lost your road? L: Uh,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I lost. I lost. I got lost. On the other hands, phonological avoidance is when the learner using other alternative of pronouncing a word (because of its phonological difficulty). For example, instead of using the word rally, the learner opted to say hit the ball In avoidance strategies, learners basically will create message abandonment. Message abandonment is leaving a message unfinished because of language difficulties. A more direct type of avoidance is topic avoidance. In this case, a whole of conversation might be avoided entirely that pose language difficulties. Learners will find alternatives in avoiding the conversation by changing the subject, pretending not to understand, simply not responding at all or noticeably abandoning a message when a thought becomes to express. COMPENSATION STRATEGIES Another common set of communication devices involves compensation for missing knowledge. There are eleven types in this strategy. The first is prefabricated patterns, where learners of beginning-level memorize certain stock phrases or sentences without internalized knowledge of their components. Examples for these memorized chunks of language are How much does this cost?, Where is the toilet?, I dont understand you. Such phrases are memorized by rote to fit their appropriate context or situation. The second type is code switching. Code switching is the use of a first or third language within a stream of speech in the second language. It occurs between two advanced learners with a common first language. This strategy may also include adding word endings from the new language onto words from the mother tongue. Examples of code switching are: switching to the mother tongue: Spanish/English: Have aqua please, Bahasa Malaysian/English: Suami saya dulu slim and trim tapi sekarang plump like drum (Before my husband was slim and trim but now he is plump like a drum) The third common compensatory strategy is a direct appeal for help. If the learners may stuck for a particular word or phrase, asking for aid from the interlocutor either directly ( eg what do ypu call?) or indirectly ( eg rising intonation, pause, eye contact, puzzled expression) . Within this category are those instances where the learner might appeal to a bilingual dictionary for help. The fourth type is circumlocution or synonym. Circumlocution is a figure of speech where the meaning of a word or phrase is indirectly expressed through several or many words. For example: scissors = a thing you use to cut other things, corkscrew = The thing you open bottles with. Circumlocution is often helpful while learning a new language, when one does not know the word for a particular thing. The fifth type is adjusting or approximating the message. Approximation is when the learning using an alternative term which expresses the meaning of the target lexical item as closely as possible. Altering the message by omitting some items of information, making ideas simpler or less precise, or saying something slightly different that means almost the same thing such as saying pencil for pen The sixth type is using of all-purpose words.learners extending a general, empty lexical item to contexts where specific words are lacking (e.g. the overuse of thing stuff, what-do-you-call -it, thingie ..) The seventh type is word coinage. Learners basically will make up new words to communicate the desired idea such as paper holder for notebook and vegetarianist for vegetarian. The eighth type is using non linguistic signals such as using physical motion, mime or gesture, in place of an expression to indicate the meaning Language based clues may come from the target language that the learner already knows, from the learners own language or from another language. For instance, if the learner does not know the expression association sans but lucratif (nonprofit association, in French), previous knowledge of certain words in English (association, lucrative) and French (sans= without) would give clues to the meaning of the unknown word, but (aim, goal), and of the whole expression. The ninth type is literal translation. Learners translate literally a lexical item, idiom, compound word, or structure from L1 to L2. The next type is foreignizing where the learner using a L1 word by adjusting it to L2 phonology (with a L2 pronunciation) and or morphology (adding to it a L2 suffix) The last type is stalling or time gaining strategies using fillers or hesitation devices to fill pauses and to gain time to think ( e.g. well, now lets see, uh, as a matter of fact.) Compensatory strategies enable learners to use the new language for either comprehension or production despite limitations in knowledge. It also intended to make up for an inadequate repertoire of grammar and especially of vocabulary. Eleven compensation strategies exist, clustered into two sets: guessing intelligently in listening and reading and overcoming limitations in speaking and writing. Guessing strategies, sometimes called inferencing, involve using a wide variety of clues linguistic and non-linguistic to guess the meaning when the learner does not know all the words Good language learners when confronted with the unknown expressions, make educated guesses. On the other hand, less adept language learners often panic, tune out, or grab the dog-eared dictionary and try to look up every unfamiliar word. Compensation Strategies allows learners to produce spoken or written expression in the new language without complete knowledge. It is true that certain compensation strategies like using mime or gestures are used in speaking. However, other Compensation Strategies adjusting or approximating the message, coining words, using a circumlocution or synonym, or selecting the topic can be used in informal writing as well as in speaking Many Compensation Strategies for production are used to compensate for a lack of appropriate vocabulary, but these strategies can also be used to make up for a lack of grammatical knowledge Compensation Strategies help learners to keep on using the language, thus obtaining more practice. In addition, some of these strategies such as adjusting or approximating the message help learners become more fluent in what they already know. Getting help and coining words lead learners to gain new information about what is appropriate or permissible in the target language.

Essays --

Dominique Porter HIS 108 Midterm Project CSC Feb 23 2014 Title â€Å"A Forgotten Love† Persona Margret Marie Link is long time friend and secret admirer of Henry Ford knows a lot about his life. Margret knew Henry from when they were both little kids and had a big crush on him, most of her life. Henry and she would write back and forth all the way till his success of his business Ford Motors Introduction As you drive in your car today do you ever think to yourself where did all this start? Who made it the invention of the car, when and where? As the best friend of Henry Ford. I’m here to tell you the questions you want to hear. Story Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan. His father William Ford was born in Country Cork Ireland and his mother Mary Ford was born in Michigan. Henry Ford spent his childhood on his family's farm, located outside of Detroit, MI. When Henry was twelve, his mother died during childbirth. Henrys father gave him a pocket watch in his early teens. At 15, Henry dismantled and reassembled watches and clocks of friends and neighbors dozens of times, and gained the reputation of a watch repairman. Henry repaired my watch plenty of times. I had the very first Rolex Oyster watch, in other words, the world's first water-resistant timepiece. This was no easy watch to work on and just watching how much he loved to take things apart and put it back together just made me think he’s going to invent something big one day. I came from a rather wealthy family and this is how I met Henry. Him being only fourteen and I was just barely thirteen I was always bei ng impressed on how good he was at fixing things mechanically. I had a huge crush on Henry and when I would break ... ...air driving 1 mile in 39.4 seconds and setting a new land speed record at 91.3 miles per hour also had convinced the race driver Barney Oldfield to drive his car which made him worldwide†. That was the last time I heard from Henry I guess you could say that he made it big time and forgot about me. I soon settled down with my husband in 1943 and was driving a car made by Henry himself called the Model T.Me and my husband were planning on moving to Italy in two weeks with our son Tom Link. I went to visit my mom and she gave me an article about how Henry and his wife were anti-Semitic. From 1919 to 1927, his newspaper, the Dearbopendentrn Inde, had a pamphlet called "The International Jew. I had a full life of excitement and even though I didn’t get o be with the man of my dreams I was glad to be a part of his life but my forgotten love will always remain for him.

Macro Economics :: essays papers

Macro Economics 1. Developing a model of an economy means answering the question(s) of: a. what to produce. b. how to produce. c. for whom to produce. d. what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. e. Only what to produce and how to produce, since distribution is not the task of economics. 2. Every year during the holidays there seems to be a great demand for some particular "hot" toy. This is an example of the effect of _________ on demand. a. tastes and preferences b. expectations c. income d. prices of other goods e. wealth 3. A market is in equilibrium when there is: a. excess demand. b. excess supply. c. a shortage. d. a surplus. e. None of the above. 4. The equilibrium quantity in a market could remain unchanged if there were a/an _________ in demand offset by a/an ________ in supply. a. increase, decrease b. increase, increase c. decrease, decrease d. None of the above. 5. Which of the following is microeconomics? a. A study of national output growth in Japan. b. A study of IBM sales since 1995. c. A study of Irish employment levels. d. A study of unemployment in Sweden. e. None of the above can be considered microeconomics. 6. Which of the following would NOT cause the demand for a normal good or service to decrease? a. An increase in the price of the product. b. The income available to the household decreases. c. Other goods which are good substitutes become available. d. Households have negative expectations about future income, wealth and prices. e. None of the above. All of the above would cause a decrease in demand. 7. Refer to Figure 4.1. Which panel best depicts the following situation: I do not buy Cola Cola at the supermarket because another brand is on sale. a. panel 1 b. panel 5 c. panel 6 d. panel 7 e. panel 8 8. If there were an increase in the price of hamburger, a. the quantity demanded of hamburger would decrease. b. the demand for catsup would decrease. c. the demand for hamburger rolls would decrease. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 9. The conventional bowed-out shape of the production possibilities curve implies a. producers are unable to utilize specialized resources efficiently. b. shifting production from one good to another leads to increasing opportunity costs. c.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs within Lord of the Flies Essay

Abraham Maslow formulated a theory of a hierarchy of needs, stating that he believed that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied or incomplete needs. In his theory there are five levels of certain needs in which lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be achieved. The five needs are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs applies to many of the characters in Lord of the Flies, such as Piggy, Ralph, and Jack, and shows how they are affected when their needs are unsatisfied. The lowest and basic need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is physiological needs, which are the necessity of air, water, food, sleep, and shelter. Throughout the novel, the majority of the boys acquired all of their physiological needs. There were three shelters built of tree branches, logs, and leaves. The boys slept in the shelters at night for warmth and a sense of home. Many of the younger boys munched on the fruits they picked in the jungle and everyone ate roasted pig which Jack and his hunters slaughtered periodically. The boys also filled up coconut shells with water and placed them under trees and in the shade of the jungle to be chilled and drank when necessary. Since the boys alleviated their physiological needs, they were able to think about other needs, such as safety. The second need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is the necessity for safety, which is protection and maintaining wellbeing while creating stability in a chaotic world. One of Ralph’s first instincts was to maintain safety by searching and exploring the island with Jack and Simon for anything or anyone who could possibly pose a threat to their wellbeing while inhabiting the island. Also, Piggy and Ralph find a conch in the water on the island. The conch was blown as a signal to let the other lost boys know where they were, which refers to Maslow’s need of safety because this would not have been done if the kids did not feel safe. If Ralph and Piggy felt that they were safe and protected, they would have kept quiet and to themselves and they would not have been found. Another way the boys gained the need of safety is by building the huts on the beach as a form of protection which acted like a  house, and definitely made the younger and more immature boys feel much more secure. Even though many jobs were completed to secure the boys safety, many of the little boys still felt unsafe, this resulted in a huge dilemma. One night during an assembly one of the boys told the story about how he saw a beast in the forest. Many of the younger boys are having nightmares about this story, and are watching their backs while in the forests. On page 36, Ralph says, â€Å"But there isn’t a beastie,† repeatedly but his attempts to remove the trepidation and fear within the littluns proved to be futile. Since almost all of the young boys were always afraid of a beast or a monster, their need of safety was never achieved, they were unable to reach other needs higher on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, so their lives on the island were incomplete, and they all lived in fear and anxiety. The third necessity of Maslow’s theory is the need of love and belongingness, or the acceptance of others and the need to be needed. Due to Piggy’s past of being ridiculed and mocked in his old school, his first impulse was to try and make friends and be accepted early on in the novel. As soon as Piggy ran into Ralph he asked him his name and tried to become friends with him. Ralph says to Piggy, â€Å"Get my clothes,† on page 14, which shows that Piggy is willing to be a servant to make a friend or acquaintance. It seems that Piggy had already fulfilled the first two needs, and now he wants to fit in with Ralph. Another example is when Ralph blew the conch all of the other kids came and they had a meeting. â€Å"Signs of life were now visible on the beach. The sand, trembling beneath the heat haze, concealed many figures in its miles of length; boys were making their way toward the platform through the hot, dumb sand.† (18) All of the boys came to the meeting and participated in the meeting, which showed that they all wanted to belong. If they did not want to belong, they would have stayed off by themselves or not have joined in on the meeting. All of the main characters achieved this need, although Jack was unhappy with his role in the group and was trying to find ways of gaining more respect throughout the novel. The fourth need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is esteem, which is the mastery of a task and also receiving attention and recognition from others, or the need for power. A prime example of this need being fulfilled is when  Jack forms his own tribe and made him self the leader not only because he was power hungry, but because he could not stand the fact the Ralph was chosen chief and was getting all the attention. Jack also found something that he was skilled at. His skill was hunting. Jack used his skill and found it valuable to win over the other kids on the island to assemble a new group and make him the leader of it. After some time and much conflict Jack had every person on the island under his command or killed them. The only exception to this was Ralph who scarcely evaded a similar fate. Piggy never achieves the goal of esteem because he is not appreciated for his intellect and wisdom which he offers the boys in times of need. Since Piggy never exceeded this need, his personality suffered and he has a very weak personality, and was easily bullied and pushed around. Simon, another main character, never achieved the need of esteem. Many of the boys thought Simon was unusual and secretive, and he is constantly ridiculed quietly, usually behind his back. For example, on page 74, â€Å"Ralph stirred uneasily. Simon sitting between the two twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy, who grabbed it. The twins giggled and Simon lowered his head in shame.† This passage shows that even when Simon was doing good deeds he was not congratulated and did not receive recognition for many of his unselfish actions. Neither Simon nor Piggy ever achieved the need for esteem, and coincidentally, they were also outcasts and were the only t wo boys murdered on the island. The fifth and final need is the need for self-actualization, which is, â€Å"the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that is capable of becoming.† Self-actualization did not directly occur within the boys on the island, but Ralph seemed to become very close. â€Å"Ralph looked at him dumbly. For a moment he had a fleeting picture of the strange glamour that had once invested the beaches. But the island was scorched up like dead wood-Simon was dead-and Jack had†¦. The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage if the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, unwiped nose,  Ralph wept fir the end of innocence, the darkness of a man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called piggy.† (202) This significant passage shows Ralph breaking down and showing his true emotions and what he feels inside. Ralph realizes he had the power to make the boys stay on the island a much less violent and much more enjoyable, but he did not use his power correctly and he was overturned, which lead to the death of two innocent children. This is a type of self-actualization because Ralph realized what he could have been, said, and done. Ralph realized that he did not fulfill his unique potential and could have been all he could be on the island but did not take advantage of this opportunity. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs best demonstrates what occurred on the island in Lord of the Flies. It also proves why many of the acted the way they did. In Lord of the Flies, chaos and violence was extremely relevant within the group of boys not only because of differing values and conflicting views, but also because many of the boys needs were being neglected during there stay on the island.

The Similarities between My Mother and Me

I love my mother very much. She is not only a strong woman but also a great mother. My mother always takes care of the children in my family very well and chats with us as a friend; in addition, from the stories in life, she has taught us many valuable lessons. Most of my hobbies and habits are learned from my mother. Therefore, my mother and I have many similarities, such as liking adventure games, gift giving to loved ones on special occasions, and enjoying outdoor activities. Both my mother and I like adventure games. When I was seven years old, she took me and my sister to go to a national park, a huge park with many games. My mother wanted us to join in a game, which has a boat falling from a very high waterfall. While my sister expressed fear, I was curious to try it. I still remember that when our boat reached the top of the waterfall, it suddenly stopped and began to move downward. I was very scared and crying. My mother tried to assure me that everything would be fine. She wanted me to overcome the fear of heights as well as be ready to face all the challenges in life. So far, I am more courageous, and we often spend more time to participate in adventure games. My mother loves to give gifts on special occasions, and so do I. On holidays, we often go shopping to choose a special gift for loved ones. My mother said that a gift is a symbol of love and regard. To me, gift-giving helps bring people closer together. Also, gift-giving is traditional in my country. By gift-giving, we thank loved ones and wish them happiness. It may be valuable items or simply the greeting card, but more importantly is how you send the gifts. I especially love Christmas, when wishes come true. As a child, I still looked forward to receiving gifts from Santa. Now I can understand their meaning, and I would like to bring joy and happiness for everyone. Both of us enjoy outdoor activities. Last Sunday, my family spent time together at the Silverwood Lake. While my aunties and my mom were doing barbeques, my cousins and I built some tends which was my favorite work. After lunch, we decided to go hiking upward a hill. It was so windy. Unfortunately, my mother forgot to bring her overcoat, so she could not go too far away. How absent-minded was she! Anyway, we still had a lot of fun. My mom often tell me that enjoying Mother Nature can be serene, and camping can be economical, build family spirit. I personally think that getting outdoors benefits everything from improved eyesight to more brain function through being more creative. So, we have shared enjoying this activity more 10 years. In conclusion, I love my mom for the good values she has given me. Because of this, we are similar in liking adventure games, gift giving to loved ones on special occasions, and enjoying outdoor activities.

King Lear Quote Analysis

â€Å"The art of our necessities is strange,' That can make vile things precious. † (3. ) 3. A. Speaker Lear b. Context Lear is raging out in the storm, the Fool urges Lear to find shelter c. Significance While Lear is raging and letting his anger get to the best of hi m, he realizes hat giving all Of the power to Generic and Reagan were foolish decisions. He did don't think about how ruling the kingdom granted him so much power, and realized this when he threw it all away foolishly. Lear learns that you can hate something or someone, until the mom entity need it most. L have no way, and therefore want no eyes; I stumbled when I saw. † (4. 1) 4. A. Speaker Gloucester b. Context Edgar sees an Old Man leading Gloucester, who is remorseful ova ere hating on Edgar, whom he loves and misses. C. Significance Gloucester claims that he would rather be able to see people from the inside, rather than the outer appearance or how they seem. He wants to know the try HTH of everyone s ince he didn't see the people for who they are, but saw them just from hearing ABA out them and assuming who they were.Gloucester doesn't want anymore misunderstanding gas, because that is what caused all of these trials. He realizes that you can only see a person for who they are by their actions. â€Å"The weight of this sad time we must obey;' Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. / The oldest hath borne most: we that are young/ Shall never see so much, nor live so long. (5. 3) 5. A. Speaker Edgar b. Context Albany, Kent, and Edgar discussing after the tragedy that had jug SST taken place. . Significance Edgar has came up with the conclusion that speaking what we feel and had time to think about it rather than just blurting out whatever is on our mind is t he wisest thing to do because it'll end up in a tragedy such as this. Edgar also states that he, all Eng with Albany and Kent, can never see worst than the tragic events that occurred such as the De tats of Lear and hi s daughters, and his father and brother, Gloucester and Edmund.

High Yield Junk Bonds Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

High Yield Junk Bonds Business - Research Paper Example The corporate bonds with good or highly favorable rating grades are classified as â€Å"investment-grade bonds† while those with low ratings are called â€Å"low-grade† or â€Å"speculative† bonds or by their less formal term, â€Å"junk bonds† (Becketti, 1990). In other words, based on Becketti (1990), junk bonds, low-grade bonds, and speculative bonds are synonyms. According to Becketti (1990), a bond may be classified as a junk bond for three reasons. First, the outlook for the company may be highly unfavorable. Second, the issuing company for the bonds may have large or significant debts. Finally or third, is that the company’s legal claim on another firm’s assets which is in default or has serious risks of default may be behind the legal claims of other companies. However, Taggart pointed out that despite their low-investment grade status, junk bonds are nevertheless classified as â€Å"high yield bonds† by â€Å"those wishing to avoid pejorative connotations.† It is very important to state, however, that although junk bonds experience more default, they also tend to have higher returns. More recent data are not immediately available. However, for 1974-1985, the default on junk bonds stood at 1.53% compared to 0.09% for all bonds. The 1.53% may be high compared to 0.09% but certainly 1.53% seems low enough. Further, various reports also suggest that annual return for junk bonds was 12.4% compared to 9.7% for all long-term government bonds. (Taggart, 1987, p. 12). In the 1990s, many economic observers have attributed the country’s economic ills to junk bonds (Becketti, 1990, p. 46). Many observers believed that junk bonds and economic ills simultaneously emerged in the 1980s (Becketti, 1990). However, on the observation, th e appropriate interpretation is that the market for junk bonds actually became only popular in the 1970s and 1980s but they have been in the US economy for some time (Becketti, 1990). In 1977, new issues of junk bonds in the United States were close to zero but they steadily climbed up to around US$33 billion in 1986 and to around US$30 billion in 1989 (Becketti, 1990). Becketti (1990, p. 48) argued that despite their size in the US economy for close to two decades, â€Å"junk bonds are too small a part of the debt market to account for the growth in corporate debt.† Further, Becketti (1990, p. 48) also argued that although junk bonds are riskier than investment-grade bonds, they are â€Å"less risky than equities.† Becketti (1990, p. 48) also clarified that â€Å"junk bond returns lie between those of investment-grade bonds and equities.† In addition, â€Å"junk bonds are more liquid than bank loans and private placements but less liquid than equities† ( Becketti, 1990, p. 48). Junk bonds can also provide investors â€Å"more control over corporate management† than investment-grade bonds but less control than many financial instruments like equities (Becketti, 1990, p. 48). If one examines the descriptions of Becketti (1990), it should be easy to conclude that junk bonds aren’t too bad after all. Based on the literature that will be examined by this work on the nature of junk bonds and issues related to the acquisition of junk bonds, there is a genuine case for investing in junk bonds as well as improving the situation of the junk bonds market. Junk bonds are risky investments but they can be part of one’s investment strategy for increased wealth. Further, contrary to the view that our

Group marketing project (SPSS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group marketing project (SPSS) - Assignment Example The research report under discussion is a group effort which aims to understand the current level of customer loyalty for the Samsung brand and the drivers behind it. The relationship between these drivers and the current perceptions has also been studied to identify the most important factors influencing it. On the basis of the findings, recommendations for improving the current level of loyalty and for attracting and retaining a higher user base have also been suggested. The nature of study is quantitative and involves interviews conducted with 100 respondents (including Samsung users & non-users) within the area of Bangor, Gwynedd. A comparison of means on the basis of gender and age reveals that there is no significant impact of these factors on the way people have rated the perceptions for Samsung’s products. However, there does exist a somewhat significant difference regarding user ship for a few attributes. The results indicate that around 56% of Samsung users believe Samsung products to be well made. Among the non-users, the response is mixed. This percentage is relatively positive but when compared with other attributes, Samsung should focus on improving the other perceptions further through good customer service and marketing efforts to drive up the overall customer loyalty. On an overall basis, when looking at the different attributes, consistency in quality and good value for money pricing are highly positive. Usership and gender also have a significant association with value for money pricing. Overall 55% respondents regard consistency positively and 58% of Samsung users and 56% females consider it good value for money. It is mainly because of the positive perceptions for these attributes that the overall value of Samsung products is considered excellent. Consistency in quality is the most influential driver here and then follows the good value for

Overpopulation of Man O war causing reduced fish population Essay

Overpopulation of Man O war causing reduced fish population - Essay Example In the history of man, it has been known that he lived in practically any type of environment. There are those who lived in the wet lands; all they did was to reclaim the land thereby making them habitable. On the other hand, there are those who lived in the deserts; here too, they tried to make them a bit habitable. Man has even lived in the snow in the polar regions and just was the case with the men who lived in the other regions, here too, man tried making it more habitable (Joel, 2004). In the ensuing process of reclamation of the land or the ecosystem to suit the specifications of man, the environment suffers a great deal. The environment, whether very harsh or conducive, is home to other animals. Encroaching on these lands and making them habitable for humans inconveniences the rest of the animals a great deal. The inconvenience may result in the animals reacting in diverse ways; these could be as diverse as some of the animals dying in mass thereby resulting in extinction of species (Kevin, 1998). Man derives his food from his environment. This logical fact is responsible for the diversity that exists in men. Historically, there were esteemed hunters, gatherers, and even fishermen among others. Man depended on his environment more in the pre medieval times when the world was not as developed as it is today. This type of intense over dependencies resulted in more conflict between man and his environment; he never added any value to the ecosystem and to all that lived alongside with him. He tried to make his environment safer for his survival and this resulted in the death of those animals he deemed a threat to his peaceful life. To obtain food, he harvested plants and killed other animals. After making the environment safe and establishing food security for his family, it was eminent that man’s population would increase. Increase in the population of such a domineering animal only meant one thing, more resources would be reclaimed thus more other animals that had previously habited alongside him would be greatly inconvenienced. There would be increased demand for food; this meant that more of the other animals eaten by man would decrease in population. An increase in man’s population means increased demand for land which leads to the most basic need; habitation or accommodation. Consequently, more land is thus reclaimed. One other aspect of man’s life that was quite disastrous to the environment is his belief in ownership. He gets to an environment, grabs some huge junk of land and turns the land his with all that lives in it (Haynes, 2010). This claim of ownership gives him authority over all other animals and plants that live in the land. He is thus free to do with them as he so please even if it means cutting don the trees and killing the animals. The most basic food eaten by man in the history of man is fish, these are small aqua animals that are very rich in protein. This thus made them bearers of great po rtions of man’s implications on the environment. Fish replicates very fast, within five months, a fish is fully-grown and lays eggs, despite this rapid population growth, the fish in the terrestrial regions could not withstand the demand pressure that man laid on them (Thomas & Michael, 2001). The rate of increase of human’s population was alarming furthermore in the terrestrial regions, the commonly existing water bodies that were thus homes

Body Modification through Nutrition and Supplementation Essay

Body Modification through Nutrition and Supplementation - Essay Example However, these illegal supplements are associated with serious adverse effects to the human body with some being lifetime irreversible Clark, Lucett, and Kirkendall argues that Creatine as an ergogenic supplement remains efficient in escalating muscle power and strength in brief, high-intensity exercise sessions that lasts to a period of one minute (Clark, Lucett, and Kirkendall 416). Creatine acts as a nitrogenous organic acid and is imperative as a body energy source due to its ability to increase formation of adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, Creatine can buffer lactic acid build-up, thus possibly delaying fatigue associated with anaerobic activities. Furthermore, caffeine can increase muscle contractility, aerobic endurance and enhance fat metabolism (Plowman and Denise 60). Raven asserts that Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate helps in preventing breakdown and enhancing synthesis of proteins this helps in improving body composition of the athletes (Raven 419). It also increases the strength of athletes making them more competitive and stronger. Based on American sports medicine advice, Ergogenic doses of caffeine may cause nervousness and restlessness as short-term adverse effects while insomnia, hyperesthesia and heart diseases act as the long-term effects (ACSM 606). Moreover, caffeine and Ephedrine combination effects include tachydia and hypertension, which are adverse to the body. In addition, uses of Creatine supplement increase muscle cramping, are associated with weight gain, and may adversely affect performance of the athlete .Gastrointestinal pain and diarrhea are associated with Creatine use. Protein supplements results in imbalance of amino acid in the body. According to Cobin et al, this imbalance is associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting (Corbin et al., 262) (Clark et al., 365) Besides, the aforementioned effects, the potential health risk associated with supplements according to

Use data mining tools (Weka) to enhance a marketing exercise Assignment

Use data mining tools (Weka) to enhance a marketing exercise - Assignment Example Tayko company is almost dispatching their next mail out, the company want to flag out clients who are promotional receptive. This is important because it will help them reduce their cost and also maintain a good relationship with their customers by not becoming a bother to those who do not need the promotion. The company wishes to come up with a better and a targeted list by selecting their clients randomly and sending the trial promotion to them. The paper therefore, mine the data to assist Tayko identify the attributes of companies that show that they will respond positively to the mail-out. This will help improve the performance of mailing promotion. The attitude of the customer toward the product, and the perception of the company of origin are crucial factors when assessing the receptiveness of the customer. As the figures of younger, and high income clients with increasing demand for electronic products continues to grow, the market become interesting and the need on assessing the receptiveness of the clients to the company’s brands and business becomes very crucial. The receptive of the customers to the company’s goods is not considered a conventional framework when selecting the market. However it has crucial implications for the marketing department in sensitizing and assessing the standard, easily accessible risk indicators of commercials used. Tayko introduces the customer receptiveness as an added criterion in the specialized mechanism to the assessment of its customer’s relation. 2. Data pre-processing a) Therefore, the best indicator of the client’s receptiveness to the promotion is attribute number 25 describing the amount spent by client in test mailing in terms of dollars. b) Another attribute that could be selected as this, is the attribute that highlighted the client made purchases in test. The â€Å"test purchase request† will document the service pursuant of sales and has information on the clients name, a ddress, corporation, and firm where the customer’s request. Additionally, it contains the office mailing address, signature, title, name, and the telephone numbers for the client making the request. The attribute is also important because it contains the statement of the conduct nature under investigation. Also, it is crucial because it contains the statement that the service must be tendered at the place and time. c) There are other attributes that are not important in this project. Such attributes includes, â€Å"How many days ago was first update to customer record†, and the sequence number for the customer (Han & Kambe, 2006). The meaningless attributes creates a valued difference between the brands, and during the process. When the meaningless attributes are added they change the decision consumer structure, majorly if the differentiated attribute is hard to evaluate. This may make the consumers to infer the value of attributes. d) Some of the classification model that I designed using the Weka classifier is as shown in the figure below. The above is the visualization of the mailing promotion model. Data @attribute seq numeric @attribute US binary @attribute Freq numeric @attribute web_order {1, 0} @attribute Gender=male numeric @attribute Address_is_res binary @attribute Purchase {1, 0} @data 4, 200210, 200601, 0 5, 200301, 200601, 1 Calculation === Run information === Scheme: weka.classifiers.rules.ZeroR Relation: Ass3Data67_33 Instances: 1501 Attributes: 25 Seq US Source_1